Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Farid Dwi Murdianto

Institutions
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya

Abstract
Solar energy is one alternative energy that can be used as a source of electrical energy that is converted through solar panel media. The output power in the solar panel varies according to solar irradiation and ambient temperature. To optimize the performance of the Solar Panel, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method is used. Output voltage regulation of the solar panel will be regulated by a parallel buck converter. The algorithm used in this paper is Modified Hill Climbing (MHC) which is used to find the maximum power point quickly and accurately. With the existence of MPPT MHC, the average power is 90.16 W which shows an increase power compared to without MPPT which is equal to 55.78 W.

Keywords
Solar Panel, Parallel Buck Converter, Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), Modified Hill Climbing (MHC)

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ykB6DL9rEFRe

Corresponding Author
Arrizal Haris Fajariawan

Institutions
a) Department of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang
Jalan Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
b) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy
*aripriharta.ft[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
This paper presents the results analysis of switchings effect when capacitor bank operation against the amount of inrush current on the circuit breaker. Switching of capacitor bank causes inrush current and high frequency oscillation if there are two or more capacitor banks connected in the same bus. When it occurs repeatedly, the insulation from the electric equipment will weaken and breakdown. For this reason, we propose a method to reduce the inrush current using new controlled switching. Switching control is used to find time (t) of circuit breakers switching in each phase so that it can be seen configuration of capacitor banks switching that cause minimal inrush current. We have done a case study, there were 3 capacitor bank with capacity of 25 MVAR, 25 MVAR and 50 MVAR using simulink. Variables used include inrush current (ii), inrush current frequency (fi), controlled switching time (t) and damping reactor (Lreactor). The results of trial calculation on back to back of 3 capacitors cause inrush current is 202,1 kA and inrush current frequency is 85667,5 Hz. After insertion damping reactor, inrush current value is known to be 481,2 A and 204 Hz. By using this switching control method, we know that inrush current occurs almost close to zero ampere so it does not cause oscillations in the system.

Keywords
Capacitor bank, Inrush Current, Circuit Breaker, Switching control

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XJCH8kxPMN6K

Corresponding Author
Nurfitri Kaharuddin

Institutions
1,2,3) Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin, Bontomarannu, Gowa 92171, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Abstract
The split ring resonator (SRR) and complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) which are popular metamaterial structures for energy harvesting applications has been investigated for its characteristics and performance potential through numerical computation. The results of investigation on the design of the double-T RF energy absorber show a good performance and can operate in multiband with a large bandwidth. The desired absorber device has been optimized by adjusting the physical dimensions in the SRR and CSRR metamaterial structures. By etching two SRR unit cells and six CSRR unit cells in the ground plane, the proposed antenna shows a good performance of the return loss, gain, and bandwidth parameters. Also, the reconfigurable absorber device can be maximized the potential for absorption of RF harvesting energy, both emitted by licensed and unlicensed RF communication devices. The antenna covers the frequency spectra of GSM900 Band, GSM1800 Band, WiMAX Band, and ISM Band applications, respectively as needed. This antenna is good for absorbing RF energy with a smaller antenna size of 72.25% compared to conventional antenna.

Keywords
reconfigurable antenna, split ring resonator (SRR), complementary split ring resonator (CSRR), energy harvesting, multiband antenna

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HkAzuUw2CJp7

Corresponding Author
Andi Muhammad Sadli

Institutions
Assistant Profesor of STIE Mulia Pratama
Ph. D. Student of Economics of Hasanuddin University

Abstract
Energy farces an important role in shaping civilization as a major input from various sectors of life. For Indonesia, the management and utilization of energy will determine the likely existence as a nation forward in the future. This research used a quantitative methodology which is the chosen method is system dynamic simulation. The system dynamics model is the shape and energy utilization in Indonesia to achieve a degree of energy security with complex variables covering economic, social and environmental as well. The model simulation investigates the implications of the use of fuel to the economy and how to find a model of low-carbon energy sustainability in the energy mix policy in Indonesia. The model explores the relationship between population, fuel consumption, fuel production, fuel import, and emissions resulting from the use of fuel. This model will be used as the basis for the simulation scenario of Business As Usual (Base case) so that the visible trend of each variable and how interventions should be done. The interventions that are chosen namely structural intervention where included gas and geothermal as the additional energy resources. Then, a Hypothesis that would be tested in this research is the reduction of CO2 emission and fossil fuel import as the feedback of energy mix policy. The result shows that mix energy policy can reduce the CO2 emission at least 9% on average along the simulation period. On the other hand, the import of fossil fuel import can be reduced averagely by up to 27%. Therefore, the mix energy policy is strongly feasible to be implemented and developed in the future.

Keywords
System dynamics, low carbon, energy resilience, simulation model, mix energy

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Jj63DFLm2MxH

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Nailul Firdaus

Institutions
Environmental Engineering Department, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology
Kampus ITS, Keputih, Kec. Sukolilo, Surabaya 6011, Indonesia
*valianto15[at]mhs.enviro.its.ac.id

Abstract
Indonesia has a number of small businesses totaling 757,090 units in 2017. One of these small business units is the household scale industry. The number of tofu industries in Indonesia is very much, seen from the figures of tofu consumption in Indonesia in 2012 which reached 3,010,742.3 tons. However, most industrial sectors know that household scale in Surabaya does not yet have tofu wastewater treatment units. This is due to financial constraints and the land owned so that the liquid waste produced is directly discharged into the river without any processing. This can cause a decrease in environmental power due to the high content of organic pollutants in tofu liquid waste. Through the Karsa Cipta Student Creativity Program (PKM-KC) a "ABACTOR - CELLS" tool has been designed as a household scale wastewater treatment unit. This tool adopts the working principle of the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) which are combined into one processing unit. MFCs are wastewater treatment units that utilize bacteria to convert organic pollutants into electrical energy. MFCs are combined with ABR which is a practical processing unit and does not require high operational costs so it is suitable for application to the tofu industry sector. ABACTOR - CELLS can be an innovation as an electricity generating unit by utilizing bacteria to process pollutants in wastewater. This ABACTOR-CELLS requires a processing time of 12 hours. With this process, this unit is capable of producing electricity of 0.336 Watts. In addition, this unit is able to reduce the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) content from 1563.86 mg / L to 297,474 mg / L with a percentage of 81% which is equivalent to the weight of COD of 0.055 kg. While the percentage of removal for Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) content is 84.4% with BOD inlet of 953.74 mg / L and BOD outlets of 148.74 mg / L. The decrease in the value of COD and BOD shows that besides producing electricity, ABACTOR-CELLS can also play a role in reducing environmental pollution, especially in water bodies.

Keywords
tofu liquid waste; anaerobic baffled reactor; microbial fuel cells

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nbEmQrBgTuGR

Corresponding Author
Lunde Ardhenta

Institutions
a) Department of Electrical Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167 Rd, Malang 65145, Indonesia
* lunde.ardhenta[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
DC converters are an important part of DC systems such as hybrid (PV and wind turbine) system. Buck DC/DC converter one of this converter is the main control in DC voltage regulator. The desired performance of this DC converter is following the reference voltage and having a fast response. This paper designs controllers based on the principle of backstepping control to operate a DC converter. Modification to adaptive backstepping is promised to improve the response generated by conventional backstepping. The using of a DC motor as a load make the control system has the aim to stabilize the DC bus voltage and DC motor speed. The effectiveness of the proposed control is verified by simulation. The PID controller is utilized for comparing with the proposed controller. The performance produced by the proposed controller has a simple design and good response.

Keywords
Buck DC/DC converter, DC motor, adaptive backstepping, fuzzy logic, PI controller

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nfFR3m9TJpwZ

Corresponding Author
Samsul Hidayat

Institutions
1) Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang
2) Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang
3) Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang
4) Jurusan Elektro FT Universitas Negeri Malang
5) Mahasiswa Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Magnetometer surveys can be useful for anomalies phenomena caused by deposits of ore. EM survey can be useful for locating underground pipes, monitoring leach heaps, locating groundwater contamination from brine or chemicals. The ares of inaccessible terrain, helicopter needed. Helicopter is too expensive for student research. For the reason, the UAV is solution. The ground effect, power wind pressure, and wind speed UAVs are weaker than helicopter. The good distance of the survey instrument position should be known. This study aims to determine the air speed distribution, with variation in rotation and distance of the measuring point from the UAV propeller. The best performance movement of UAVs is multirootor. Multirotor can move or stop at a certain height. The step of the research is measuring air speed under a quadcopter multirotor which has a maximum total thrust is not less than 10kg. The propeller which used in quadcopter is 3080 and 2255 with a 120kv-340kv brushless motor. point ao air speed from 20cm-200cm under quadcopter are measured. In this study found that the air speed is reached 21 mps.

Keywords
quadcopter, air speed, UAV, survey

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bJQ6vL9RYPMh

Corresponding Author
Mr. Andrianto

Institutions
a) Department of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang
Jalan Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
b) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy
*aripriharta.ft[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
This paper presents the maintenance scheduling of transformer oil in Banaran Substation, Indonesia. Based on the function of the transformer is important to distribute electricity. If there was a fault, it can decrease the reliability of the transformer. Therefore, it is necessary to schedule the periodic maintenance of transformer oil to improve the power transformer reliability. So in this research using Markov method to analyze the reliability and availability of transformer oil. It happened because of Markov method can increase estimates effectively. This research adds the used parameters, namely the results of the DGA test with TDCG and the results breakdown voltage test. These parameters will be processed by using Markov method to find the value of reliability and availability with calculated using the failure rate and the repair rate. Where the value is obtained from the calculation of MTTF and MTTR. The calculation results are simulated using Matlab R2014a, and the results show us that the reliability and availability of transformer oil decrease every month. The biggest decrease occurred on day 180 in a period of 365 days, with the value of TDCG is 9.844% and 3.395% while the value of breakdown voltage is 32.19% and 24.83%. Therefore, maintenance is carried out at least twice a year to improve the quality of transformer oil which functions as an isolation transformer and prevents transformer failure.

Keywords
Maintenance Scheduling, Markov Method, DGA, Breakdown Voltage, Reliability, Availability

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jJEPmxnfe7TR

Corresponding Author
Galang Eryanto

Institutions
(1) Mechanical Engineering Education Department, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
(2) Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
(3) Mechanical Engineering Department of Graduate Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
(4) Physics Department of Graduate Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
The binary power plant is a geothermal power generation system used at low to medium temperature levels, water and steam from the reservoir are not in direct contact with the turbine. In this system, the heat generated from the reservoir is channeled to the secondary working fluid which has a lower boiling point than water using a heat exchanger. In this case, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a suitable system for use in this condition. The ORC system can improve the performance and efficiency of binary power plants. However, in this system, the installation configuration of the ORC system model is an important factor that can affect system performance. The selection of an improper ORC design will reduce the thermal efficiency of the system, so it cannot utilize heat optimally. In this study, Engineering Equation Solution (EES) simulation program is used to run the system as in operation conditions. Comparative analysis using ORC, Regenerative ORC (RORC), and RORC with Internal Heat Exchanger (IHE). The results of this study indicate that RORC with IHE has the greatest value, both energy efficiency values (21.74%) and exergy efficiency (25.26%) and net power produced 5479 kW. It shows the addition of OFOH and IHE can increase energy efficiency, exergy, net power, and better performance and reduce energy degradation from the cycle.

Keywords
Binary power plant, ORC, Thermal and Exergy Efficiency.

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Cr6gt2NUzTfP

Corresponding Author
Andi Dirpan

Institutions
a) Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia
*kadir.muhammad[at]poliupg.ac.id
b) Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
The purposes of this research are to develop watering mechanism and to propose an effective control scheme for an automatic watering system of a laboratory scale zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) powered by solar energy. The system used in this paper consists of a box chamber placed on the surface, a watering pipe-reservoir mechanism, a pump to pumping water to the reservoir, a solar panel system as a sustainable energy resource and a controller scheme to control the ZECC watering system. The system and the proposed control scheme were confirmed through experiments. The experimental results revealed that the ZECC watering system can be controlled effectively.

Keywords
ZECC, zero energy cool chamber

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Gny8x2UMLmQY

Corresponding Author
Sefia Kharen Gilar Tiana

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
b) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
*markus.diantoro.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Energy demand is increasing significantly, while conventional energy resources are limited. Various work was carried out by developing and exploring materials which are potentially applied as an alternative renewable energy device. Nowadays, the utilization of thermal energy attracts the research interest due to its abundant quantities. Thus, thermoelectric as a thermal conversion device into electrical energy is the best alternative for confronting this matter. Thermoelectric studies continue to be encouraged, one of them is SrTiO3 based material. For investigating the scientific information and its application, a comprehensive study was needed by modifying the local structure using Bi dopant on SrTi1-xBixO3 system. SrTi1-xBixO3 was prepared via solid-state reaction followed by calcination, molding process, and sintering at 860 C. In this work, the various molar ratio of Bi doping was performed. Substitution of Bi in Ti position of SrTiO3 was intended to find its potential as a high-temperature thermoelectric material. SrTi1-xBixO3 samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction. A single phase of the compound and a slight change of lattice parameters were identified. Loading amount of Bi changed the octahedral local structure of 6-fold symmetry to tetragonal. SEM-EDX was used to observe the morphology and elemental composition. EDX data analysis showed the composition of samples in accordance with the composition designed. SrTi1-xBixO3 was measured with I-V meter to calculate the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant. Thermoelectric properties were confirmed by inducing temperature during electrical conductivity measurement. Increasing Bi fraction raised the electrical conductivity, thus it corresponded that the material potentially enhanced the figure of merit (ZT) of SrTi1-xBixO3 system. Analysis of dopant in micro size and their physical properties will be discussed in detail.

Keywords
thermoelectric, SrTi1-xBixO3, solid-state reaction, structure, thermal induced conductivity

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WF9zvCcPR4bN

Corresponding Author
Desi Sandy

Institutions
(a) Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus Makassar
(b) Departement Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University

Abstract
One of the most widely used construction materials is concrete. Concrete technology is currently developing, one of which is looking for alternative materials concrete forming. This research focuses on the use of slag as a fine aggregate in concrete, especially in environments containing sulfuric and chloride acid. Observations were made by testing compressive strength, split strength, and flexural strength, with 171 cylindrical specimens and 27 sample beam specimens. The test results show that the relative percentage of compressive strength of normal concrete on H2SO4 curing against normal curing decreased 1.85% and 2.58% on HCL curing. The biggest reduction in the percentage of concrete compressive strength was found in 30% slag substitution with a value 8.42%, while the percentage reduction in the relative strength of the split strength concrete is found in concrete with a slag substitution of 35% with a value 9.26%. As well as the decrease in relative percentage of flexural strength was found in 35% slag substitution with a value 12.84%. Although there is a decrease in each characteristic of concrete, slag material can be used as a constituent for concrete under environmental conditions of sulfuric acid and chloride acid.

Keywords
Concrete, Characteristic, Slag, Sulfuric, Chloride

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yTtfL9wMYjVz

Corresponding Author
RAHMANIAR RAHMAN

Institutions
1 Graduate Student of Earth and Environmental Technology, Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University 90245, Indonesia
2 Mining Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University 90245, Indonesia
3 Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University 90245, Indonesia
4 Physics Sciences, Faculty of Science FMIPA, Hasanuddin University 90245, Indonesia

Abstract
ABSTRACT. This study discussed the characterization of the different qualities of coal in Kalimantan. The chemical and physical characterization of Kalimantan coal aimed to find the level of coal quality through proximate, ultimate and calorific value analysis. Based on the results of the study, the coal obtained from PT. Kideco Jaya Agung (KJA) had moisture content of 17.86%, fixed carbon of 36.56%, ash of 2.94%, volatile matter of 42.64%, carbon of 44.86%, sulfur of 0.079% and calorific value of 4468.65 cal/gram. PT. Indemix Coalindo (IC) had coals with moisture content of 25.94%, fixed carbon of 32.48%, ash of 3.78%, volatile matter of 38.26%, carbon of 45.03%, sulfur of 0.436% and calorific value of 4462.67 cal/gram. Based on the results of the study, the efforts were needed to improve the quality of coal so that the coal collected could become an alternative energy-source with its highest quality and calorific value. Thus, it could compete in the international market.

Keywords
Keywords: proximate, ultimate, calorific value, coal, characterization.

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/z3xXqAKgvPRU

Corresponding Author
Langlang Gumilar

Institutions
a) Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
To convert wind energy into electrical energy, an intermediary in the form of a turbine and generator is needed. Wind turbines consist of several types such as horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). The main focus of this research is the maximum power that can be generated by the horizontal axis wind turbine by varying its pitch angle. Some important parameters that influence value of turbine power are wind speed, turbine rotation speed, blade number, pitch angle, and power coefficient (CP). Variation pitch angle from 0, 10, 20, 30, dan 40. Pitch angle affects lifting force of the horizontal axis wind turbine to rotate, just as in the lift force of the aircraft. For input wind speeds ranging from 0 m/s to 20 m/s. If the wind speed more than 20 m/s, then the wind cannot be utilized and can be said to be disaster. Input of turbine rotation speed starts from 0 rpm to 50 rpm. The axes used to make power curves in 3 dimensions are the wind speed axis, turbine rotation speed axis, and power axis. From this curve, we will find the maximum power that can be produced by horizontal wind turbines. The difference in pitch angle on the turbine will produce different power. Increase in wind speed will increase the power of wind turbines. In this study using maximum wind speed of 20 m/s, so that at maximum wind speed will obtained maximum wind turbine power. For horizontal axis wind turbines with pitch angle of 0, maximum power 1608,45 W is produced at 32 rpm wind turbine rotor rotation speed. At 10 pitch angle, maximum power 1510,28 W is produced at 32 rpm turbine rotor rotation speed. At 20 pitch angle, maximum power 1398,65 W is produced at the turbine rotational speed 33 rpm. On the pitch angle 30, the maximum power 1286,75 W is produced at the turbine rotor rotation speed 33 rpm. The pitch angle 40 produces maximum power 1148,89 W at turbine rotor rotational speed 34 rpm. From all simulation results it was concluded that increase of pitch angle, maximum power produced by the turbine will decrease.

Keywords
Pitch Angle, HAWT, Power, Power Coeficient, Tip Speed Ratio

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DEeWmvcfF4HN

Corresponding Author
Efitriana Wulandari

Institutions
a) Environmental Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia
*ssarwanto[at]eng.ui.ac.id

Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) contains high concentration of various heavy metals and have low pH levels. In this study, the comparison between the use of natural zeolite and synthesized zeolite for Cu2+ removal in AMD was conducted. The adsorbent of natural zeolite was prepared through a chemical activating method by adding NaOH. While, synthesized zeolite was prepared from coal fly ash using a two-step method, fusion and hydrothermal process. The AMD used in this study was artificial designed with the concentration of Cu2+ 100 ppm and pH ± 3. The adsorption experiment was carried out using batch method to observe the influential parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, adsorbent isotherms and kinetics. The result from this study is expected to provide better alternative adsorbent between natural zeolite and synthesized zeolite for heavy metal removal in waste water. Furthermore, both natural zeolite and synthesized zeolite have a great potential as a sustainable and economical material for heavy metal removal in waste water.

Keywords
Acid Mine Drainage; Copper removal; Fly ash; Natural Zeolite; Synthesized Zeolite

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uBE8fPyrmRvJ

Corresponding Author
Desi Sandy

Institutions
(a) Program Studi Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus, Makassar

Abstract
The presence of slag as a result of waste from steel production annually increases. Researchers and environmentalists are very concerned to overcome this problem. Currently steel slag has been studied as a substitute for concrete compilers. The focus of this research is to utilize steel slag as a constituent of porous concrete in direct contact with acidic regions, in this case sulfuric acid and chloride. This test was carried out using 243 samples in testing the compressive strength, tensile strength and pore volume of concrete. Content of steel slag used is 0%, 50% and 80%. In the compressive strength test results for normal curing, sulfate curing and chloride curing showed an increase of 6.49%, 5.71%, 8.28% in the 50% slag content and 10.81%, 10.29%, 17.20% in the 80% slag content . Then in the tensile strength test showed an increase of 7% to 11% in the 50% slag content and 16% to 17% in the 80% slag content. As for the pore volume, the value is in range from 17% to 19%. These results indicate that slag can be used as a substitute for aggregate on porous concrete with compressive strength ranging from 10 MPa to 19 MPa.

Keywords
Porous concrete, slag, acid, contaminate

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cJkngZbWaMyE

Corresponding Author
Hartawan Abillah

Institutions
a) Postgraduate Electricaal Engineering, Malang State Universty, Malang
b) Electrical Engineering, Malang State Univeristy, Malang
c) Informatic Engineering, Islam State Univeristy, Malang

Abstract
Solar Power Plants are strongly influenced by the intensity of solar radiation received by the system. For the availability of sustainable use of electrical energy from solar power hybridization is needed with PLN sources if Black Out occurs, the combination of the two electrical energy sources is known as the Hybrid Generator. Power plant hybridization is combining two or more power plants with different energy sources, in order to obtain synergies that provide economic and technical benefits (reliability of the supply system). Hybrid plants will have maximum use if accompanied by load control. Load control aims to efficiently regulate the use of electrical energy so that the generated electrical energy is balanced with the use of the load released so that the Hybrid Generator will not occur Black Out. Based on tests that have been carried out the intensity of sunlight affects the power produced by solar cells. The highest sunlight intensity when testing is during the day at 567 Lux with a voltage value of 21.22 V and current of 0.30 A, while the lowest sunlight intensity is at 17.00 with the intensity of sunlight 56 Lux with a voltage value of 5.5 V and current 0.15 A.

Keywords
Hybrid Generator, PLTS, Load Supply Control

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YCxzj68nka4L

Corresponding Author
AMAN SANTOSO

Institutions
Departement of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Indonesia

Abstract
Abundant rice yields abundant fine husks. Rice bran has an oil content that has the potential as a biodiesel material. The synthesis of alkyl esters from vegetable oils can be carried out through an esterification reaction with an acid or alkaline catalyst. The objectives of this study were 1) to find out the yield of extracted rice bran oil, 2) synthesis of methyl esters from rice bran oil through acid catalyst esterification reaction, 3) characterization and to determine the synthesis component of methyl ester and test its potential as biodiesel. Stages in this study, namely 1) extraction of rice bran oil, 2) synthesis of methyl esters from rice bran through esterification reaction, 3) characterization of rice bran methyl ester and its potential test as biodiesel include determination of density, viscosity, refractive index, and test number acid, 4) identification of constituent compounds methyl ester synthesized by GC-MS. The results of research on rice bran oil extraction have a yield of 18.09%. Methyl esters synthesized from rice bran oil through an acid catalyst esterification reaction with a yield of 72.37%. The synthesis of methyl esters into the range of biodiesel quality standards is, density of 0.850 g / mL, viscosity of 4.73 cSt, refractive index of 1.45871, and acid number of 0.76 g KOH / g methyl ester which has the potential as biodiesel. Methyl ester composition of rice bran oil is methyl tetradekanoate (0.38%), methyl hexadecanoate (40.67%), methyl 9-octadecenoate (53.68%), methyl octadecanoate (5.02%), and methyl eicosanoic ( 0.14%).

Keywords
rice bran oil, methyl ester, esterification, acid

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/P7Y9g2MUCLhn

Corresponding Author
Abdul Muis

Institutions
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Tadulako University

Abstract
Cross-flow turbine is one of the quite popular hydraulic turbines, it is offering the simplicity in design and manufacturing process and also suitable for application at the low head water flow. Indonesia, as the tropical country has a lot of potential low head water flow and available all around the country, application of the cross-flow turbine will accelerate penetration of the environmentally friendly of the energy resources. Therefore, the availability of the low head cross-flow hydraulic turbine with high performance will be one of the effective and valuable solutions in providing electricity for the community, especially for the regions that still have no access to the national electricity provider. The research focus on developing the design of the cross-flow turbine that has a high performance and can be applied on the three meters of water head. The design of turbine considers the ease of obtaining construction materials, the simplicity of manufacturing or fabrication and the lowest level of the maintenance and repairs technology required. The developed design turbine has 90 % of efficiency at the design speed of 250 rpm. Turbine runner will be fabricated from four inch of steel pipe to minimize obstacles in fabrications and repairs including the materials resources.

Keywords
Hydraulic Turbine, Cross-Flow Turbine, Low Head and High Performance

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FNUYPgGT7ymD

Corresponding Author
Siti Sendari

Institutions
1,6Dept of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang
2,5 Dept of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang
3,4Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang
7Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Abstract
Due to sustainable energy promising, one technology that has high efficiency and suitable for a friendly environmental case is a Fuel cell. One type of fuel cells is proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which shows low temperature, high power density, fast response, and zero emissions. The process of energy conversion is introduced using ebook accomplished with Augmented Reality (AR) technology. AR is a virtual object which can be used for interaction simultaneously, so using this technology the detail process can be shown in detail when ebooks user want to explore more the process. This paper described integrating AR to introduce the process and possible interaction of user to explore dynamic system of fuel cell. The integrating AR to fuel cell learning module is analyzed according to experts justice on the designed of AR ebook.

Keywords
Augmented Reality, ebook, fuel cell, expert justice

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EzB3UnNT2xQv

Corresponding Author
AMAN SANTOSO

Institutions
Departement of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Plastic waste becomes a threat to the environment because it is difficult to degraded. Plastics are organic polymers that can be pyrolysis into simpler molecules. Plastic pyrolysis can be done at high temperatures in special reactors. For efficiency process required reactors are effective and efficient. This research aims to develop reactor and test pyrolysis of several types of plastic waste. This research is a development and experimental with stages include (1) develop reactor kg 2-3 plastic pyrolysis with a dual cooling system (3). Determining the character and yield of plastic waste pyrolysis. The results of this development study are: (1). Plastic pyrolysis reactors to fuel the oil has been made, with a demensions of 30 x 40 x 50 cm, stainless steel, 2-3kg plastic Capacitistas, (2). Plastic from beverage glasses succeeded in pyrolysis in reactor with a temperature range of 190-300 oC to produce a yield of 95% and the raw material of the paper produces 93-94% oil yield, but for the material from the bottle is harder to be dipirolisis. The oil characteristics of the results of the priolysis are light yellow to brownish yellow, odor like oil gasoline.

Keywords
Reactor, plastic, rendement, pyrolysis

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Rk6xbKcB3PhL

Corresponding Author
Ibnu Budiman

Institutions
Wageningen University

Abstract
The use of firewood for energy sources for cooking contributes to socio-ecological issues. Alternatively, biogas is considered an environmental-friendly energy source generated from waste, forest plants and other organic sources. However, until 2015, only 1.24 percent of households utilized biogas for cooking fuel. This research aims to explore the landscape of biogas governance in Indonesia, its fragmentation, and its consequences for biodigester dissemination. This qualitative study found that there is fragmentation within small-medium scale national biogas programs in Indonesia. Seven national government biogas programs have similar governance arrangement and characteristics; scattered in different departments within the ministry, using the grant approach and vendor, coordinating with local government, and do not have proper training and M&E. Meanwhile, the NGO program-BIRU utilizes semi-commercial approach; collaborating with multiple stakeholders (governments, construction partner organizations, cooperatives, and private sectors-companies and banks); and has standardized training and after sale services. Within those biogas programs, there are multiple barriers along the supply chain process of biodigester dissemination (production and consumption-related to socio-cultural issues) and governance aspects. Barriers to production and consumption relate to the governance aspect of biogas programs. Fragmented governance affected the capability of each program to tackle barriers in biogas digester dissemination and triggered innovation in different biogas programs.

Keywords
bioenergy, biogas, governance, program, fragmentation

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ENdatfDAPqUC

Corresponding Author
Ardiaty Arief

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
The Government of Indonesia are encouraging investments in renewable energy based power plants in Indonesia, including wind power plants (WPPs). Two large WPPs in the Southern Sulawesi interconnected power system are Sidrap WPPs and Jeneponto WPPs. Both Sidrap WPP and Jeneponto WPP are the largest WPPs in Indonesia and they account for significant contribution for the Southern Sulawesi power generation mix. Considering the intermittency characteristics of WPPs and system-s failure probability, therefore it is essential to assess the system-s stability after their integration. This work evaluates the frequency stability of the Southern Sulawesi interconnected power system with the integration of both Sidrap WPPs and Jeneponto WPPs.

Keywords
frequency stability; wind power plants; under frequency load shedding

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xdTgCUbkFzjy

Corresponding Author
Ramadhani Kurniawan Subroto

Institutions
a) Department of Electrical Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167 Rd, Malang 65145, Indonesia
* ramasubroto[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
The Zeta converter is a DC-DC converter that has a small ripple current and voltage ripple that is widely applied to PFC (power factor correction), photovoltaic generation and so on. However, the characteristics of the open loop response output voltage from the Zeta converter has a considerable overshoot and long settling time. On the other hand, with significant changes at input voltage and load, the output voltage produced by Zeta converter may fluctuate. Therefore, a PID controller based on Fuzzy logic tuning is implemented to regulate the output voltage of Zeta converter. According to simulation results the output voltage with Fuzzy-PID controlled is able to track the desired reference voltage. Compared to PID controller, the output voltage controlled with Fuzzy-PID controller has a smaller voltage deviation and recovery time. At a significant input voltage change the PID controller output response becomes unstable, while the fuzzy-PID controller still produces a good output response.

Keywords
Zeta converter; fuzzy-PID; PID controller; voltage regulation

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bLqfUyVkzDjY

Corresponding Author
Adi Maulana

Institutions
Departement of Geological Engineering

Abstract
Characteristic of geothermal manifestation in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi has been reported. The geothermal manifestation occurs as a hotspring found in five stations within volcanic Formation in Lejja area. It was generated by magmatic activity and released to the surface by the mean of geological structure activity. The hotspring water is mainly classified as bicarbonate water, particularly in station I, II and III whereas station IV and V are classified as the no dominant type. The occurrence of bicarbonate water in the research area was resulted by a reaction of mixing between water vapor from heat sources (magmatic water) with surface water (meteoric water) which increasing the bicarbonate ion in hot water. The no dominant type water in station IV and V are caused by the reaction between magmatic water and meteoric water as a heat source and the water source has experienced a large or a lot of mixing / reaction. Estimated subsurface temperature in Lejja Hotspring ranges from 368°C to 429°C and further classified as immature waters. It is shown from the study that the subsurface temperature of the research area is very high and could be the potential source to be used as a geothermal power plant in the future.

Keywords
geothermal; manifestation; Lejja; hotspring; Soppeng; South Sulawesi

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BYPhwJtZuMbf

Corresponding Author
Samsul Hidayat

Institutions
1*Brawijaya Volcano and Geothermal Research Center, UniversitasBrawijaya, Malang 65415, East Java, Indonesia
2Magister Program, Department of Physics, UniversitasBrawijaya, Malang 65415, East Java, Indonesia
3Instrumentation Laboratory, UniversitasBrawijaya, Malang 65415, East Java, Indonesia

Corresponding author : sukir[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
Geomagnetic and Geochemical observations have been conducted to identify the geothermal potential of Mt. Pandan Volcano Hosted Geothermal, East Java, Indonesia. Firstly, the magnetic survey was performed using PPM G-856 and running on 80 magnetic stations that cover an area of 9x10 km2. The measurement stations cover two hot springs, Jari and Banyukuning in the Mt. Pandan. The result showed that total magnetic intensity ranged from 446.7nT to 526.3nT. The residual anomaly of contour map revealed that geothermal reservoir was suspected in an area with low magnetic intensity around the hot spring and identified as the volcanic braccia and tuffaceous sandstone. The tentative model from magnetic residual anomaly can show location, depth, and thickness of the geothermal reservoir. The flow pattern the reservoir to manifestation, show the alleged presence of a secondary structure. This indicates that Jari and Banyukuning manifestation have different reservoirs. Furthermore, the geochemistry method has been done to analyze the characteristics of geothermal fluid in this area. Water sample was collected at two hot spring, Jari (Selo Gajah) and Banyukuning. The geochemical data was process using the spectrophotometric method to analyze the concentration of anion and cations that contained in hot springs water. The Geochemical analysis can identify the type and characteristics of the fluid to estimate the reservoir temperature. The results show that the type of water in geothermal system from mount Pandan area are cloride and bicarbonate water. Meanwhile, the geothermometer analysis for Na-K-Ca shows the average of reservoir temperature is arround 130 C and classified into medium entalphy system.

Keywords
Geomagnetic, Geothermal, Mount Pandan, geochemistry, reservoir temperature, medium enthalpy

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xg67p3RjMec2

Corresponding Author
Cindy Nur Hidayah

Institutions
Universitas Airlangga

Abstract
Indonesia has a total potential of geothermal resources around 25386.5 MWe and in 2018 became the state number 2 at the level of geothermal production in the world after the United States, namely 1948.5 megawaatt (MW). Indonesia has a great potential on geothermal energy as renewable energy resources. Geothermal energy into alternative energy because energy is pollution-free clean energy than coal which has an output of carbon pollution and greenhouse gases. Indonesias potential for the high production of geothermal energy can be a treasure trove for energy security of the country and replace coal as nonrenewable fossil fuel energy resources. Geothermal selected as an alternative energy power plants by considering economic, environmental, social, and regulatory. Development PLPT have enough challenges require careful attention and analysis because of their resistance to fight the countrys energy and environment must be kept in balance. The government is preparing several solutions with renewable energy programs and policies that exist as a barrier and surveillance.

Keywords
geothermal energy, alternative energy, environmental economics.

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QVYuwzf8LBGb

Corresponding Author
Adi Maulana

Institutions
Department of Geology Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

Abstract
As demand on energy is growing while the resources is limited, alternative sources of renewable energy is becoming popular. Small-scale hydropower systems or known as hydropower plant are one of prominent source of renewable energy due to the economic competitiveness and availability. The plant utilizes the power generated by the river flow to generate the electricity. The Langkemme River is one of the major rivers in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi Province. We evaluated situation and condition of Langkemme River in order to determine the potential for hydropower assessment as a hydropower plant. Based on the evaluation, the topographical aspect and the existence of permanent waters show the possibility to install the mini hydropower power (MHP) plant on the river. From the mainstay discharge analysis using probability of 40%, the plant is designed to have a total head as 64 m and discharge is about 5.58 meters cubic per second (m3/sec). The production of energy is estimated as 3 MW annually. Based on the discharge and head of the MHP point plan the type of turbine ideal for MHP plans is the Francis turbine type.

Keywords
Hydropower, Langkemme River, Soppeng, Renewable Energy, South Sulawesi

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8rPJCnezDcGZ

Corresponding Author
Yusran Yusran

Institutions
a) Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin
b) Department of Informatic Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin
Jalan Poros Malino km 6, Bontomarannu, Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
*yusran[at]unhas.ac.id, yusranibnu[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
The river currents is one of renewable energy types. It can be utilized for electrical generation. This study discusses about design and testing of initial prototype of power plants based on river currents prime mover. The working principle of this prototype is to convert kinetic energy from water current into electrical energy. The prototype testing were carried out at several variations of river currents velocity : 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.3 m/s. The testing at 1.3 m/s velocity produced 1300 rpm generator rotational speed, 0.22 A of electrical current and 14.6 V electrical output voltage.

Keywords
: initial prototype, hydro power plant, river currents, prime mover, electrical power

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GRnmJWcuHCh6

Corresponding Author
Muzayyin Muzayyin

Institutions
(a)Master Program of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, State University of Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang 65145, East Java Indonesia,
(b)Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
(c) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, State University of Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: sukarni.ft[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
The investigation of renewable energy sources is critical regarding the availability of energy in the future. This study was aimed to understand the potential of Cerbera manghas de-oiled seed by investigating the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters during the pyrolysis process. The de-oiled seed was obtained by the pressing of the seed at 33.8192 N/m2 to release its oil content. To find out the decomposition pattern of de-oiled seed, the thermal analyzer (Mettler Toledo TG-DSC1) was occupied where the mass loss of the sample was observed and recorded during the heating process from 25 up to 900 oC with a heating rate of 15 oC/min, and the nitrogen flow rate of 50 mL/min to prevent oxidation during temperature escalation. The kinetic parameters were studied using the Coats-Redfern method. The results showed that the de-oiled seed decomposed into three stages; the first stage occurs at temperatures of 25-178 oC, the second stage occurs at temperatures of 189-488 oC, and the third stage at temperatures of 500-900 oC, with the very low residue of 15.4 % was left over at the final thermal processes. The kinetics analysis resulted in the activation energy, reaction order, and pre-exponential factor of 27.42 kJ/mol, 0.94 and 68,64 min-1, respectively. Following the kinetic results then the thermodynamic parameters were analyzed and resulted in the values of Delta H (Enthalpy), Delta G (Free Gibbs energy), and Delta S (Entropy) that were 22,40 kJ/mol, 171,86 kJ/mol, and -0,2230 kJ/mol, respectively.

Keywords
De-oiled seed, Cerbera manghas, Pyrolysis, Kinetics, Thermodynamic

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Nm4Ubwrxc9y7